Drinking plenty of water
Drinking upto 2 to 3 litres is required each day to make the urinary system well hydrated and increase your chances of passing out the stones.
Stone or multiple stones upto 6 mm can be tried with this single procedure alone.
Medications for Pain
Presence of stone in the urinary tract can cause a spasm like condition and restrict the lumen to allow the passage of stuck stones. These medications will work two ways, they will relieve the pain and also the spasm and make the small stones pass out.
Again the size which can be tried is upto 6 mm which can be a single or multiple stones especially in the ureters.
Medication therapy
Some targeted medicines like alpha blockers are specifically prescribed to relax the ureteric muscle and make it easy for stone to pass out in a relaxed state of ureter.
ESWL or Lithotripsy uses sound waves to fragment the hard stone
For sizes upto 15 mm and in certain cases upto size 20 mm this procedure is very helpful to fragment the stone to dust which eventually passes out drinking lots of water. Its a Globally certified and successful treatment modally in the world. Patient can have a choice and avoid surgery by opting for ESWL.
This procedure is called extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL).
This is suitable for large stones more than 23 mm and of staghorn shape, wherein a ureteroscope is passed through the back and stone is located. Using laser energy stone convereted to dust and removed in same procedure.
This is also used when patient has large stone or in ESWL failed case.
Ureteroscopy / cystoscopy for stone removal
A thin flexible tube with a camera mounted is passed through normal urinary passage and stone is reached and fragmented by lasers.
All the contents are sucked out in powder form.
Surgery for Parathyroid gland
Some stones recur very fast and are mostly of calcium phosphate stones which are caused by an overactive parathyroid glands.
These glands are located on the four corners of your thyroid gland and their removal by surgery is beneficial to avoid recurrences if the hormonal level suggests high production of hormone.